Peacock Facts (Pavo sp. and Afropavo sp.)

Peacocks are birds known for their showy plumage and piercing calls. While both males and females are often called peacocks, really only the male is the peacock. The female is a peahen, while the young are peachicks. Collectively, they are properly known as peafowl. Fast Facts: Peacock Scientific Name: Pavo cristatus; Pavo muticus; Afropavo congensisCommon Names: Peacock, Indian peacock, blue peafowl, green peafowl, Java peafowl, African peacock, Congo peafowl, mbuluBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 3.0-7.5 feetWeight: 6-13 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Forests of India, Southeast Asia, and Congo Basin of AfricaPopulation: ThousandsConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered (depending on species) Species Peafowl belong to the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The three genera are Pavo cristatus, the Indian or blue peacock; Pavo muticus, the Java or green peafowl; and Afropavo congensis, the African peafowl or mbulu. There are also subspecies of green peafowl. The male green peafowl and female Indian peafowl can mate to produce a fertile hybrid called a spalding. Description Peacocks are easily identified by their fan-like crest of feathers and long train of colorful eye-spot feathers. Male birds have spurs on their legs which they use for territorial disputes with other males. While peahens have a feathered crest, they lack the elaborate train. Both males and females have iridescent feathers. Actually, the feathers are brown, but crystalline structures produce vibrant blue, green, and gold colors by the scattering and interference of light. The body of the blue peacock appears blue, while the body of the green peacock appears green. The African peacock is a darker blue-green and brown. Chicks bear cryptic coloring in shades of tan and brown that help them blend in with their environment. Both males and females are large birds, but males are about twice the length of females because of their feather train. On average, adults range from three to over seven feet from beak to tail tip. They weigh between six and thirteen pounds. African or Congo peafowl have shorter trains the green or blue peafowl. Stan Osolinski, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Originally, the Indian peacock came from the Indian subcontinent. Now it is widely distributed across South Asia. Green peafowl live in Southeast Asia, including China, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Java. The African peacock is native to the Congo Basin. The three peafowl species do not naturally overlap ranges. All three species prefer forested habitats. Diet and Behavior Like other pheasants, peafowl are omnivorous, basically eating anything that fits in their beaks. They eat fruits, insects, crops, garden plants, seeds, insects, small mammals, and small reptiles. At night, peacocks fly to tree branches to roost in family units. Reproduction and Offspring The breeding season is variable and depends largely on rain. Males fan their feathers to attract a mate. A female may select a mate based on several factors, which include the visual display, its low-frequency vibration (picked up by the females crest feathers), or the males call. A blue peacock has a harem of two to three peahens, while green and African peafowl tend to be monogamous. After mating, the female scrapes a shallow nest in the ground and lays between four and eight buff-colored eggs. She incubates the eggs, which hatch after 28 days. Only the female cares for the chicks, which follow her around or may be carried on her back when she flies to roost. Peafowl reach sexual maturity at two to three years of age. In the wild, they live between 15 and 20 years, but they may live 30 years in captivity. Green peahen with chicks. Ronald Leunis / EyeEm, Getty Images Conservation Status Peafowl conservation status depends on species. The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the Indian peacock as least concern. The bird enjoys wide distribution across Southeast Asia, with a wild population over 100,000. The IUCN lists the Congo peafowl as vulnerable and decreasing in population. In 2016, the number of mature birds was estimated to range between 2,500 and 10,000. The green peafowl is endangered. Fewer than 20,000 mature birds remain in the wild, with a decreasing population. Threats Peacocks face numerous threats, including habitat loss and degradation, hunting, poaching and predation. Green peacocks are further endangered by introduction of hybrid birds into wild populations. Peafowl and Humans Blue peacocks are agricultural pests in some regions. Peafowl readily breed in captivity. They are most often kept for the beauty and their feathers and sometimes for meat. Peacock feathers are collected after the male molts each year. While peafowl are affectionate toward their owners, they can be aggressive toward strangers. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Afropavo congensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679430A92814166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679430A92814166.enBirdLife International 2016. Pavo cristatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679435A92814454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.enBirdLife International 2018. Pavo muticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679440A131749282. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679440A131749282.enGrimmett, R.; Inskipp, C.; Inskipp, T. Birds of India: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-691-04910-6.  Johnsgard, P.A. The Pheasants of the World: Biology and Natural History. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 374, 1999. ISBN 1-56098-839-8.

2016 Calendar of Childrens Books for Holidays and Events

The Monster Within By Jeffrey Dahmer - 852 Words

The Monster Within, a documentary released in early 2002, follows the life of the world’s most notorious serial killer, Jeffrey Dahmer. The documentary follows the life of Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer told from his father’s, Lionel Herbert Dahmer, side of things. Jeffrey Dahmer killed seventeen men, had sex with their corpses, and ate them. It focuses on Dahmer’s sexuality, his reason of doing these things, and the timeline of his life and murders. There were many interesting facts used in the documentary that really keeps the viewers mind focused, and surprised with every detail stated. Jeffrey Dahmer stated that the flesh would be kept in acid from one to two weeks to decompose, and become â€Å"jelly†. This relates to the documentary because it described one of the many ways Dahmer would keep his murders a secret. Dahmer’s documentary also opened the conversation of child predators, which Dahmer was, he prayed on all age’s not just older men, but younger men. He got away with it multiple times, the documentary discusses how child predators usually kill their victims in fear they will go, and tell on their predator. In 1988, Dahmer lured a young man to his home, but let him free due to his grandmother, whom he lived with at the time, arriving home earlier. In this case one of Dahmer’s youngest victim, Konerak Sinthasomphone, whom was the younger brother of a male that Dahmer lured into his home in 1988 before his grandmother interrupted, was drugged and taken into Dahmer’s home.Show MoreRelatedJeffrey Dahmer, The Milwaukee Monster 1367 Words   |  6 PagesJeffrey Dahmer is one of the most well-known serial killers of all time. He earned this reputation by his sick and twisted ways of killing and preserving his victim’s body parts. From organizing bones in filing cabinets to freezing internal organs for later consumption, Dahmer proved to be a very sick and twisted individual. 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Little didRead MoreSilence Of The Lambs By Hannibal Lecter2109 Words   |  9 PagesThe last thing anyone wants is a monster under the bed, but what is even scarier is the though that a monster could be living right next door. In Hannibal Lecter’s case, he would be sitting across from a patient, listening to their deepest, darkest thoughts while simultaneously wondering which human organ he’ll be eating for dinner. Silence of the Lambs is a renowned movie that has been labeled as one of the best horror films of all time. This popular thriller embodies the life of serial killer andRead MoreThe Creation of a Serial Killer: Nature vs. Nurture Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthe idea that an individual’s makeup can have an effect on their actions. Additionally, in 1915 certified behavior psychologist Sigmund Freud claimed that active stimuli in humans push them into action and that these active stimuli are emanating within the organism and penetrating to the mind (Weiner 12). 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Research shows that serial killers do not commute and use emotions in general. This would explain why they have such a microscopic understanding of empathy within themselves. It would be a leading cause for why they kill, rape, and abuse. In ‘The Stranger Beside Me’ novel by Ann Rule she elaborates of her and Bundy’s friendship of 17 years, and how they worked side by side in a Crisis Clinic in Seattle; BothRead More Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pageschildren to not know how to interact with others in the real world they think that it is okay to violate personal space because they were never taught what that was. With the isolation and feelings of oddity in the child, they begin to manifest fantasies within their own mind (Miller, 2014, p.14) . Many times the child starts out with violent sexual fantasies that they would like to act out but do not have an execution plan so they experiment on inanimate objects or even themselves or family members who willRead MoreMonsters = Homosexual. Anything That Is Abnormal Or Non-Traditional1082 Words   |  5 PagesMonsters = Homosexual Anything that is abnormal or non-traditional is considered a basis for discrimination and prejudice. Anything that threatens the social concept of â€Å"normal† is considered wrong or even sinful. That is why when we talk about religion, instead of acceptance we talk about â€Å"right from wrong† using the religion’s perspective of fact. To many people being homosexual is a sin; it is an act of the devil. Many more people believe that it is a choice and that people chose to live their

Cost Estimates in Early Stage Building-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Factors Influencing Accuracy of Cost Estimates In Early Stage Building. Answer: Introduction In the estimation of cost, a number of factors have to be considered. This is due to the market posting an estimation influence in the cost. The estimation factors which tend to affect the estimation cost are such as material prices, material, quality and material availability. Together with the influencing factors come some of the methods which are able to produce answers to early building cost estimation. Methods that can be used are a cubic method, functional unit, storey enclosure and floor are a unit(Pratt David, 2011). Factors that influence cost accuracy in early stage building estimates. Material prices The wide market presents very many factors that fluctuate and material prices is one of them. In a construction site. Materials that are used compose of various categories. There are large items such as concrete, gravel, timber, bricks, steel, plumbing and electronic fittings. The small items are such as the nails and screws that are mainly very basic in building sites. During buying these materials, their cost varies(Smith, et al., 2016). The cost is also under the influence of the manufacturer and the ability to produce them. The manufacturers production ability is influencing such that any purchase during periods of numerous orders makes the prices be set high due to high demand. These prices also drop in times that the orders are low. The ratio of the volume of buyers to the volume of the materials in store also affects the material price. In times when the buyers have a larger volume of the materials present, the prices are set high(Goodman, et al., 2016). Material Quality. When estimating, one has to take in the quality of the material at hand. Quality is judged as for whether it is of low or high quality. Materials having high quality instantaneously affect the cost estimation in that the initial cost becomes high. The cost of constructing a building may also be high because of the use of low-quality materials. Low-quality materials have the tendency to get damaged during construction. They may break during temporary storage or in transit to construction sites. After damage, funds will have to be routed for replacement thereby raising the cost estimation. Materials that damage easily is due to the poor standard of manufacture and management system of the material(Spain Bryan, 2010). Hence when a contractor is intending to make a profit in the building, materials being used have to be of high quality in that they meet the minimum requirements of the standard before being flagged for use. This tactic makes the contractor escape repairing of the buildin g that could increase expense. Buying high-quality material is a big move that later pays off since the structures built last longer. It concludes that buying faulty materials should not be an option(Ashworth Perera, 2015). Material Availability Material availability means how easy a building material can be found or purchased or obtained. The availability is a factor that proves costly for some building structures while some it is a diminished factor. The dependency of the cost of estimation for example taking stone or timber as a raw material, if they can be purchased easily then the estimation cost becomes less. On the other hand, materials that are difficult to find make the cost high. The factor of sustainability of materials in construction is an inclusive command. To make it clearer is by using the example of easily available raw materials in the surrounding construction site. These materials have reduced cost whereas those that are not easy to locate increase their prices. A clear raw material is the teak tree. Teak has the tendency to only grow in suitable climates hence they can only be found easily in these areas. Such areas have the teak tree cheap at price. If the site is not located in environmentally friendly zones the tree will not grow, hence will need to be transported. Transportation means increased cost in estimation(Austroads Elisa, 2014). In incursion in transportation leads to increased cost per meter. Contractors are therefore advised to use the locally available raw materials that can be cheaply obtained. This method is cheap and inexpensive. The construction site can also be surveyed and located at a place near a source of raw material to be used. Methods involving this technique tend to avoid the transportation cost that usually raises the cost estimation. Material availability in the category of bulk is also crucial. When the construction company decides to buy materials in bulk, the overall cost is reduced to minimal. The opposite occurs when the same materials are bought from various producers. An additional reason for buying from the same supplier is the reduction in loss of materials. Thieves take the opportunity to steal material when in transit from various places. Also, there is wastage of resources such as fuel for transporting from the many producers. Examples of materials that could be bought from one supplier are timber and bricks. The availability of material is affected by the regularity and adequacy of supply. Irregular delivery or any late delivery might delay the proceedings in a construction site. Moreso, when one delivers a wrong raw material, the relating activities stop. Such proceedings lead to the surpassing of the deadline of building completion. If that happens more expense come in. the availability of a material can be assured by the use of various techniques such as thievery anticipation, wastage anticipation, and an increase of the total cost estimation by a small percentage. Contractors who use such techniques get insured off increased costs(Chudley Greeno, 2016). Comparison of majorly used preliminary estimation techniques ESTIMATING TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION ACCURACY REQUIRED INFORMATION POPULARITY CONVENIENCE Functional Unit Method Estimates are taken from similar project Accuracy is low. Projects historical data. Used in public projects. Similar projects can be prepared. Floor Area Unit Method Area of walls and floor are taken without deductions for items. Relative accuracy. Areas square meter cost calculated. Most popular. Used in simple designs. Cubic Method Buildings cost is proportioned to its volume. Low accuracy. Buildings volume and proportional cost. Less used. Has simplicity. Storey Enclosure Method. Depiction of shape, horizontal and vertical areas of a building using an estimation system. Most accurate. Vertical and horizontal plane area. Little application Used in designing complex designs. Conclusion. Material quality heavily influences the cost estimation in early stage building. More factors that tend to affect the estimation proceedings are the material availability and the material prices. The quality of materials the level of standard in its manufactured outcome. Prices usually come in handy when contractors would want to ship items to construction sites whereas the availability is the influence of raw materials sustainability during construction. The cost estimation is also determined by the use of the estimation techniques discussed so as to produce an economic building construction procedures(Curtis Veechi, 201). Reference List Ashworth, A. Perera, S., 2015. Cost Studies of Buildings. 6 ed. Townsville: Taylor Francis. Austroads, L. Elisa, C., 2014. Building and Construction Procurement Guide: Principles and Options. Perth: Austroads Limited. Chudley, R. Greeno, R., 2016. Building Construction Handbook. 11 ed. Hobart: Routledge. Curtis Veechi, 201. Small Business For Dummies. 3 ed. Melbourne: John Wiley Sons. Goodman, R., Buxton, M. Moloney, S., 2016. Planning Melbourne: Lessons for a Sustainable City. 1 ed. Melbourne: Csiro Publishing. Pratt David, 2011. Estimating for Residential Construction. 2 ed. Sydney: Cengage Learning. Smith, J., Jaggar, D. Love, P., 2016. Building Cost Planning for the Design Team. 3 ed. Sydney: Routledge. Spain Bryan, 2010. Spon's First Stage Estimating Handbook, Third Edition. 3 ed. Mackay: CRC Press.

Male Restroom Etiquette Essay Example

Male Restroom Etiquette Paper Graham Smith Professor Desormeaux English 101 August 4, 2009 Male Restroom Etiquette From the time a young boy can go the restroom on his own to the time he can be accountable for all of his own actions, he learns the unspoken rules of restroom etiquette. â€Å"Ever since man crawled out of the primordial ooze, he has built himself structures to contain the processes of bodily waste removal† (Wallach) For many men, the etiquette in restrooms is imbedded in their brains. There are many guidelines that are set to keep men comfortable during their joyous visit to relieve themselves. All of these guidelines are promoting men to become more proper. With these guidelines, taking a trip to the restroom has almost become an annoyance for males today. When a man first walks into the restroom, he is presented with a decision. He must choose which stall he is going to use to do his business. Obviously, if he is going to need to sit down on a toilet, he can just go and use a toilet. However, when he has to urinate, there is a list of options for him to choose from. If he is the first into the bathroom, he can choose whichever stall he pleases. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Male Restroom Etiquette specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If there is already another man in the restroom, he must decide which stall to use. Choosing a stall can be a very complex decision for someone. There is nothing more uncomfortable than when â€Å"Two urinals [are] crammed in a two and a half foot space [with] no stall divider present† (Flannery). The number one rule for male restrooms is to never stand next to another man (Wicks). If there are no open urinals, he is to wait for one to open. As Rob Wicks comments on a situation, when â€Å"only one urinal is taken†¦[you choose the urinal furthest away] to minimize the chance of contact whatsoever with the person. In his example, there are five urinals and the far left one is being used. In this case, a man would use the far right urinal, keeping the most distance between him and the other person- three urinals. This keeps enough personal space between the two men so that neither of them can be too uncomfortable. When kids are growing up, we teach them to be friendly and open to people to a certain extent. Then why is it wrong for a grown man to stand next to a friend of his or in-between two men if there is no other option? If there are 4 urinals open and someone chooses the urinal next to him, it is seen as an invasion of privacy. It is said to be one of the worst situations in a public male restroom. However, this rule can be ignored if there are privacy dividers between the two neighboring urinals. A second rule or guideline that is set for male restrooms is the no conversation rule. Wicks again comments in a post about speaking in public restrooms, stating that, â€Å"Speech is your enemy. Never, ever, under any circumstance say a single word while within a bathroom. Not to a friend, not to a lover not to Jesus himself. Not only does this grate against all good things and the way of nature, it ruins the efficiency of the bathroom. When people speak, the tendency is for things to slow down. It’s easier for somebody to lose track of what they were doing when they try to multi-task. Because of this, the time spent in the restroom increases and causes less efficiency, especially during busy times like a sporting event at halftime. Men are more known for flatulating than women but it is seen as rude to d o it in public. In order to flatulate with respect, men are expected to go into a restroom or somewhere away from the public to do it. However, one of the unspoken rules of restrooms is to not make any noise while in the restroom (Wallach). With the opposing view points on making noise in a restroom, what is it doing to the alpha male? Is he supposed to become more proper and feminine by hiding their bodily functions or continue the â€Å"tradition† and do it in the restroom? Lastly, a rule often followed and for most men, a great thing is to make no eye contact at all costs (Wicks). This goes along with the personal space and privacy issue. When a man sees another man looking at him in a restroom, automatically, he thinks he is comparing sizes. This makes most men uncomfortable because it brings out an insecurity that a lot of people have bout themselves. Also, if someone else in the restroom catches a man staring at another man with his private area exposed a little bit, in he is seen to be gay. He might just be seen as a little weird; though in most cases, people would think otherwise. Even though going to the bathroom may seem like such a simple task, with the way society perceives actions, it too has become an annoyance to think about what to do. As Phil Rice stated in an interview online, â€Å"increased cultural diversity has necessitated the exposition of previously unwritten rules regarding the use of male restrooms. Although we try to make things easier as technology advances, it seems that some things will only continue to get harder and harder. Works Cited Flannery, Blake. Www. hubpages. com. Ed. Blake Flannery. 4 Aug. 2009 http://hubpages. com/hub/How-to-Behave-When-Using-a-Urinal-Man- Etiquette-in-the-Bathroom Rice, Phil. 2009. 30 July 2009 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Male_Restroom_Etiquette Wallach, Dan. Male Bathroom Rules. August 1, 2009 http://www. cs. rice. edu/~ssiyer/x/humour/funny00002. html Wicks, Rob. Male Restroom Etiquette. August 4, 2009 http://everything2. com/title/Male+restroom+etiquette

Pollution Prevention for Tannery Industry Essay Example

Pollution Prevention for Tannery Industry Essay Example Pollution Prevention for Tannery Industry Paper Pollution Prevention for Tannery Industry Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution The assessment identified following pollution prevention opportunities at this facility: recycling the spent chrome tanning wastes, oxidize the sulfide containing wastes, decreasing the volatile organic discharge by changing finishing materials, decreasing water use by batch washing, and using solid wastes from the waste stream as fertilizer. Chromium recycling. This step allows the collection of the spent chrome Nanning solutions, without dilution or contamination, for use in the pickle and tanning process. Since the tannery also tans splits, the spent chrome tanning solution can be used here as well. The tanning of splits results in very good fixation of chromium, so the concentration of chromium in the final effluent should meet effluent regulations. This system results in a saving of about 25 percent in the chromium chemicals used. Solvents. The suppliers of finishing products have developed water-based lacquers with significantly lower volatile solvent contents. These materials are now widely accepted as quality products, and their use is strongly advised. Process Water. In some hide wetting processes there is an opportunity to recycle the final rinses. The final rinse wastewater in this process is compatible with fluids used for the first wetting of the hides. Solid Waste. Elimination of solid leather waste discharges through the use optimizing in reconstituted leather will ease the burden on landfills. Capital Intensive Modifications. Eliminating sulfides from the effluent is very important, as they will corrode pipes, cause objectionable doors, and may cause fatal accidents. The sulfide-lime solution, and washes from this process, can be collected without contamination from other solutions. These collected wastes can be placed in a tank and the sulfides oxidized by air with a catalyst. This method is effective and can destroy the sulfide in 4-8 hours. At this point the lime waste, with high BODY and suspended solids, can be used to neutralize the acid wastes that are being continuously discharged. The acid and alkaline wastes from the tanning process will react to produce a expectoration of much of the suspended lids and BODY. This is done with a mixing tank and automatic pH control. Coagulants can also be added at this point. The neutral streams can then flow to a primary clarifier for the removal of suspended solids as sludge. The sludge can be dewatered in a sand bed to more than 50 percent solids for disposal. Although this effluent is somewhat high in BODY, over 80 percent of the pollution load have been removed. The sludge is a good soil conditioner, and if used as such, will eliminate possible high disposal costs. Secondary Treatment. In the future, a secondary treatment system can be added for BODY removal. The secondary system need only be as large as needed for the clarified wastes, and it may consist of a trickle filter, a secondary clarifier, and/ or a filter press. Environmental and Economic Benefits implementation of the suggestions will lead to a number of positive environmental and economic benefits. Chromium recycling will decrease the chromium in the discharge by 80-90 percent. It decreases chromium to less than 3 MGM/l. Costs were estimated at $20,000 (US), savings at $60,000 per year ND therefore payback period of 4 months. The reduction of volatile solvents will decrease VOCE releases to the atmosphere by 60-90 percent. Changes to water usage patterns will decrease effluent volume by 20-40 percent. Elimination of solid leather waste discharges through the use of trimmings in reconstituted leather eases the burden on landfills. This decrease leather waste by 60-80%. Costs were estimated at $1 0,000 (US). Destroy sulfides by air oxidation decreases sulfide wastes by 95- 98 percent. Costs were estimated at $30,000. (US) With primary and secondary treatment, the BODY an be reduced by 75 percent.

Case brief Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Brief - Case Study Example t can be said that there is more demand for books hence, in this regard the company plans to launch MIRA program which had the same focus, of promoting these simple story lines. It is indicated by research that customers are more inclined towards reading these romantic novels. As far as reasons for likeness of these romantic series is concerned, it can be said the novels offers the readers a sense of romantic fantasy which makes these books popular among young adolescence specially women. The case study of Harlequin shows that the company has stabilized growth in publishing romance series. However, the company should take the initiative of launching MIRA program with emphasis on women’s single title romance novels. The main reason of using this program would be that the company would be able to achieve a competitive advantage of creating a brand image which could help generate incoming sales in the long run. This brand image would be based on a business model that has the components of capitalist stance. This capitalist stance can be defined as having an advantage over the weaker market, making Harlequin a recognized brand. It is seen that the fiction market is fragmented so Harlequin has the potential of becoming the world largest publisher of these single title fiction series. Moreover, the name, â€Å"Harlequin† would suggest to the people as a dominant brand that establishes brand loyalty by being standardized in printing, marketing their books and using effective distribution channels. It can be said that this would make the company an opportunist and they can successfully take the title of being brand that promotes single title series of romance and limit access of other companies. The books provided by this company would cater to all the audience, making the readers hooked on these books so that there is no other brand that could compete with the company. It has been estimated that there is only around 50% of the books having the same title of single